bsv-blockchain/src/Bsv.MessageTool/Program.cs

using System.Security.Cryptography;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Text;
using NBitcoin;

const string cipherTextBase64 = "QklFMQMdos3oztNAUqW++4+GjfblOT2MSNZEd18K++IqbAckRCq7/RjlzUJbgonrHbZabwdDSyTkrpUM2X8K0aip90/7K0fNvbILk7kgfiQBxMErAwnJzcJXLtKI/Yb3M4Kpj3BSWLhFpYkpx8lMmBsg8lHHnD+JIkf8johOj60UzL0CxeFS5NvohFRmzdesox2Ge8CoNn8A+szcsrENmxvDWGsQx0C/D1ya6GobKYZpWnG+KA0yui7KpfQCM6jP7JvnaLc=";
const string recipientWif = "cRLzVXAinDb2Fvn3hTn5R3q57wbigm5SvFe4WbiDmzrMqGYwPfD3";
const string candidateAPublicKey = "029b9415580dc6fb0bc298923470ce2f2289cfefb6a06e14f1620e877c164a65b7";
const string candidateCPrivateKey = "cUsnFska4Ksz8eqCA31JBVYCPPe453jQ8FXHfACaL23sZcBarXKS";
const string candidateDPublicKey = "03f25e285ae095e927ef3477c05d67ce8d4d31e3a151459c9a76f124248a3738b5";

var recipientSecret = ResolveSecret(recipientWif);
var envelope = Bie1Envelope.Parse(cipherTextBase64);
var plainText = envelope.Decrypt(recipientSecret.PrivateKey);
var sender = InferSender(envelope.SenderPublicKey, plainText, recipientSecret.PrivateKey.PubKey);

Console.WriteLine($"密文解密后是 {plainText}");
Console.WriteLine($"内嵌发送方公钥是 {envelope.SenderPublicKey.ToHex()}");
Console.WriteLine($"这条消息来自 {sender}");

static string InferSender(PubKey embeddedSenderPublicKey, string plainText, PubKey recipientPublicKey)
{
	var candidates = new Dictionary<string, PubKey>(StringComparer.Ordinal)
	{
		["A"] = new PubKey(Convert.FromHexString(candidateAPublicKey)),
		["B"] = recipientPublicKey,
		["C"] = ResolveSecret(candidateCPrivateKey).PrivateKey.PubKey,
		["D"] = new PubKey(Convert.FromHexString(candidateDPublicKey))
	};

	var signedMessage = ParseSignedMessage(plainText);
	if (signedMessage is not null)
	{
		foreach (var candidate in candidates)
		{
			if (candidate.Value.VerifyMessage(signedMessage.Message, signedMessage.Signature))
			{
				return candidate.Key;
			}
		}
	}

	foreach (var candidate in candidates)
	{
		if (candidate.Value.ToHex().Equals(embeddedSenderPublicKey.ToHex(), StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
		{
			return candidate.Key;
		}
	}

	foreach (var candidate in candidates.Keys)
	{
		if (plainText.Contains($"来自{candidate}", StringComparison.Ordinal)
			|| plainText.Contains($"我是{candidate}", StringComparison.Ordinal)
			|| plainText.Contains($"from {candidate}", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)
			|| plainText.Contains($"sender:{candidate}", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
		{
			return candidate;
		}
	}

	return "无法仅凭当前信息自动判定";
}

static SignedMessage? ParseSignedMessage(string plainText)
{
	var match = Regex.Match(plainText, "^Msg: \"(?<message>.*)\", signature: \"(?<signature>.*)\"$", RegexOptions.CultureInvariant);
	if (!match.Success)
	{
		return null;
	}

	return new SignedMessage(match.Groups["message"].Value, match.Groups["signature"].Value);
}

static BitcoinSecret ResolveSecret(string wif)
{
	foreach (var network in new[] { Network.Main, Network.TestNet })
	{
		try
		{
			return new BitcoinSecret(wif, network);
		}
		catch (FormatException)
		{
		}
	}

	throw new FormatException($"无法识别 WIF 私钥对应的网络: {wif}");
}

sealed class Bie1Envelope
{
	private Bie1Envelope(byte[] rawBytes, PubKey senderPublicKey, byte[] cipherText, byte[] mac)
	{
		RawBytes = rawBytes;
		SenderPublicKey = senderPublicKey;
		CipherText = cipherText;
		Mac = mac;
	}

	public byte[] RawBytes { get; }

	public PubKey SenderPublicKey { get; }

	public byte[] CipherText { get; }

	public byte[] Mac { get; }

	public static Bie1Envelope Parse(string base64)
	{
		var rawBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(base64);
		if (rawBytes.Length <= 69)
		{
			throw new FormatException("BIE1 密文长度无效。");
		}

		var magic = Encoding.ASCII.GetString(rawBytes, 0, 4);
		if (!string.Equals(magic, "BIE1", StringComparison.Ordinal))
		{
			throw new FormatException("密文不是 BIE1 格式。");
		}

		var senderPublicKeyBytes = rawBytes[4..37];
		var cipherText = rawBytes[37..^32];
		var mac = rawBytes[^32..];

		return new Bie1Envelope(rawBytes, new PubKey(senderPublicKeyBytes), cipherText, mac);
	}

	public string Decrypt(Key recipientPrivateKey)
	{
		var sharedPublicKey = SenderPublicKey.GetSharedPubkey(recipientPrivateKey);
		var derived = SHA512.HashData(sharedPublicKey.ToBytes());
		var iv = derived[..16];
		var encryptionKey = derived[16..32];
		var macKey = derived[32..64];
		var expectedMac = HMACSHA256.HashData(macKey, RawBytes[..^32]);

		if (!CryptographicOperations.FixedTimeEquals(expectedMac, Mac))
		{
			throw new CryptographicException("BIE1 HMAC 校验失败。");
		}

		using var aes = Aes.Create();
		aes.Mode = CipherMode.CBC;
		aes.Padding = PaddingMode.PKCS7;
		aes.Key = encryptionKey;
		aes.IV = iv;

		using var decryptor = aes.CreateDecryptor();
		var plainBytes = decryptor.TransformFinalBlock(CipherText, 0, CipherText.Length);
		return Encoding.UTF8.GetString(plainBytes);
	}
}

sealed record SignedMessage(string Message, string Signature);